File: <elasm1.ima.htm> [For educational purposes only] Terminology Glossary <Principal Natural
Enemy Groups > <Citations> |
Immature Stages
of Elasmidae
Immature stages of Elasmidae were discussed in detail
by Clausen (1940), as follows: The eggs of the Elasmidae are of
simple form, either subcylindrical or kidney shaped in outline, the anterior
end slightly the wider and both ends smoothly rounded. That of E. claripennis
Cam. is stated to have a short peduncle at the narrower end, and in E. nudus Nees (Parker, 1924) the chorion is covered with
minute tubercles. The first‑instar larva is hymenopteriform, with the
segmentation distinct and the body widest in the anterior abdominal
region. That of E. hispidarum
has a median row of fleshy pseudopodia ventrally, these being situated
intersegmentally, the first between the second and third thoracic
segments. In E. nudus (Fig. 52), the body is somewhat cylindrical and,
like E. hispidarum,
has spiracles on the second thoracic and the first three abdominal segments. Please CLICK on picture to view details: The second‑instar larva of E. hispidarum is
similar to the first, as is also the third, except for the appearance of the
nine pairs of spiracles, situated on the second and third thoracic and the
first seven abdominal segments. The mature larva, which is the
fourth instar in E. hispidarum,
bears a row of retractile intersegmental pseudopodia on the median line, both
dorsally and ventrally. They are
extruded only when the body is fully extended and presumably serve in
locomotion within the host leaf mine.
The spiracle number and arrangement in this species and in E. nudus (Fig. 52), also, are identical with those given
above for the third instar. The pupae of E. hispidarum
and of an undetermined species reared from bagworms in Japan are
distinguished by the extension of the scutellum into a distinct bifurcate
process which in the latter species, extends over about one‑third of
the length of the abdomen. References: Please refer to <biology.ref.htm>,
[Additional
references may be found at: MELVYL Library ] |